Cardiff-by-the-Sea, commonly known as Cardiff, is a coastal community within the city of Encinitas in San Diego County, California. Positioned between the Pacific Ocean to the west and the remainder of Encinitas to the east and north, it also features a beach and lagoon to the south. With a population of fewer than 12,000 residents, Cardiff-by-the-Sea is an integral part of Encinitas but maintains its distinct identity with its own ZIP code. Renowned for its surf culture, Cardiff boasts popular spots like Swami’s and Cardiff Reef.
The coastal area is renowned for its expansive sandy beaches, stunning cliffs, and excellent surfing opportunities. Camping is also available in a breathtaking oceanfront setting, a popular choice among both San Diego locals and visitors (though reservations are essential!).
Beginning at the river mouth, Cardiff is bordered by San Elijo State Beach and Cardiff State Beach, stretching north to Swami’s Point in Encinitas. During extreme low tides, the reef emerges, revealing tide pools teeming with plant and sea life for a fascinating up-close experience. Cardiff is also home to the Cardiff Kook—a surfer statue often criticized, yet sometimes celebrated, as a playful nod to California’s iconic surfing culture.
The Indigenous Kumeyaay, known as the Diegueño to the Spanish, were the earliest known inhabitants of the area. Spanish colonization began in 1769 with the construction of missions. The MacKinnon family established the first settlement in 1875. In 1909, Boston developer J. Frank Cullen purchased land from the MacKinnons, kickstarting the development of a farming community. Cullen’s wife, Esther, a Cardiff, Wales native, suggested the name “Cardiff-by-the-Sea” for the community, inspired by British city names, despite the prevalent Spanish influence. In 1986, Cardiff merged with Leucadia, Olivenhain, and Encinitas to form the city of Encinitas.
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